When two atomic orbitals combine they form

п‚· As I menзђЂж¤Ђoned, the sum of the atomic number and mass number on both sides must beД®qual пѓ L зђЂж¤Ђs can be done through coeжЂмјЂcients (numbering) or the release of certain parзђЂж¤Ђcles п‚· When a star only has iron leжЂзђЂ to burn, it consumes energy (reacзђЂж¤Ђons become endothermic)ДЄnd implodes i. п‚· Hence, all elements up to and including iron are produced in stars NOTE: All new-element forming reacзђЂж¤Ђons (fusions) are exothermic up unзђЂж¤Ђl iron ConзђЂж¤Ђnue burning each element and progressively make larger nuclei via burning reacзђЂж¤Ђon Burn all helium unзђЂж¤Ђl only carbon remainsДЈ. Burn all hydrogen unзђЂж¤Ђl only helium remainsДў. пЃ¶ So in other words, the way heavy nuclei are formed in stars is:ДЎ. Three helium-4 atoms fuse to form carbon. вЂhelium burningвЂ™ to fuse heavier nuclei to form increasingly larger atoms: Therefore the overall reacзђЂж¤Ђon for hydrogen burning is:ДЄs the star runs out of hydrogen, it starts to жЂж¤Ђnish up the вЂhydrogen burningвЂ™ reacзђЂж¤Ђons and begins The reacзђЂж¤Ђons can conзђЂж¤Ђnue such as two helium-3 atoms reacзђЂж¤Ђng to form a helium-4 atom and two Nuclear reacзђЂж¤Ђons to form helium-3 and releases energy in the form of gamma rays (no mass or Right aжЂзђЂer the formaзђЂж¤Ђon of a deuterium, the deuterium fuses with another hydrogen in further п‚· Balanced nuclear reacзђЂж¤Ђons: This nuclear reacзђЂж¤Ђon (of hydrogen above) is balanced (sum ofДЄtomic number and mass number are equal on both sides) Number of 0 so that it only has 1 electron and no protons hence negaзђЂж¤Ђvely charged) Number of 0 (so that it has only 1 proton hence posiзђЂж¤Ђvely chargedпѓ Electron has mass п‚· NOTE: The atomic symbol of a positron is opposite of that of an electron. Here, hydrogen atoms burn (fuse) to form a deuterium atom and a positron # Proton-proton chain - primary nucleogenesis reacзђЂж¤Ђon (in the presence of heat on a star): п‚· NOTE: All atoms are created by hydrogen (proton) via nuclear reacзђЂж¤Ђons The dissociaзђЂж¤Ђon of large nuclei into smaller ones) Nucleogenesis: FormaзђЂж¤Ђon of new nuclei from exisзђЂж¤Ђng nucleons (Aka nuclear fusion. Isotope: Nuclides with the same atopic atomic number (Z) but diжЂжЂerent mass numbers (M) of electronsДЄtomic symbols depicted like this : пѓ NOTE: X represents the element п‚· Mass number (M or A) пѓ number of nucleons (protons & neutrons) in the atomic nucleus п‚· Atomic number (Z) пѓ number of protons & electrons in the atomic nucleus # Atomic symbols (used to describe the composiзђЂж¤Ђon of a nucleus): NOTE: Positron is a posiзђЂж¤Ђvely charged electron but is not observed in a stable element п‚· Positron пѓ represented by e+пѓ charge of +1 пѓ mass = 0 a.m п‚· Electron пѓ represented by e - пѓ charge of -1 пѓ mass = 0 a.m п‚· Neutron пѓ represented by вЂnвЂ™ пѓ charge of 0 (hence neutral) пѓ mass = 1 a.m п‚· Proton пѓ represented by вЂpвЂ™ пѓ charge of +1 пѓ mass = 1 a.m (atomic mass unit) Subatomic parзђЂж¤Ђcles: ParзђЂж¤Ђcles within the atom # ConcentraзђЂж¤Ђon пѓ Formula : c = n / v Nuclear chemistry Q пѓ Amount of energy used (in joules) Molar enthalpy пѓ Formula : О”H = -Q / n О”T пѓ change in temperature (in degrees Celsius) water 1mL = 1g) пѓ convert grams into KgД¬ пѓ SpeciжЂж¤Ђc heat capacity (usually of water: 4 Г— 10 3 in joules) # Enthalpy of combusзђЂж¤Ђon пѓ Formula : Q = mcО”T # Mass/molar mass, mole conversion пѓ Formula: n = m/MM # п‚· Whenever u see: parзђЂж¤Ђcles, atoms, molecules & formula units пѓ use avo constant to # molecules & formula units to moles (note: the constant basically represents 1 standard # Formulas/explanaзђЂж¤Ђons: AvogadroвЂ™s constant: 6 Г— 10 23 mol-1 пѓ used to convert from parзђЂж¤Ђcles, atoms, Recorded Lectures will be uploaded 24-48 hours post zoom call.Watch the pre lecture vid before the lecture, then do the quiz aжЂзђЂer the lecture Modules > Unit Schedule Week 1 (for lecture quizzes weekly) Units have no negaзђЂж¤Ђve (the formula may have a negaзђЂж¤Ђve but when you manipulate ot get the units Joule is a unit of work and work is force * acceleraзђЂж¤Ђon 2 * 2 = 5 пѓ 2 has the lowest value and has 1 sig жЂж¤Ђg, so leave жЂж¤Ђnal answer in 1 sig жЂж¤Ђg NOTE: When deciding what sig жЂж¤Ђg to leave your answer in, look at the value with the lowest precise

Lecture videos пѓ ExplanaзђЂж¤Ђons of the notesД¬heck the Pre-lecture video then do the pre-lecture quizes Stream notes пѓ PowerPoint/sheets from lecture

When two atomic orbitals combine they form